The thickness of material that can be laser welded depends on several factors, including the type of laser, its power output, the specific welding technique used, and the material itself. Laser welding is highly versatile and can handle a wide range of material thicknesses, from thin sheets to thick plates. Here are some general guidelines for the thickness of material that can be laser welded:
Fiber Lasers: Fiber lasers are commonly used for welding metals. They offer a good balance between power and beam quality. With high-power fiber lasers, you can weld materials with thicknesses ranging from a fraction of a millimeter (thin sheets) up to several millimeters (medium thickness).
CO2 Lasers: CO2 lasers are often used for thicker materials, typically in the range of millimeters to centimeters. These lasers have longer wavelengths, which are better absorbed by some materials like metals and non-metals.
Material Type: The type of material being welded also influences the welding thickness. Metals like steel, aluminum, and stainless steel have different thermal conductivities and absorption properties that impact their weldability at various thicknesses.
Laser Power: The power of the laser is a significant factor. Higher-power lasers can provide deeper penetration, making them suitable for thicker materials. Low-power lasers are better suited for thin materials to avoid excessive melting or burn-through.
Welding Technique: Different laser welding techniques, such as conduction mode welding or keyhole mode welding, have varying effects on the weld penetration and heat distribution. Some techniques are more suitable for thin materials, while others are better for thicker materials.
Joint Design: The joint configuration, fit-up, and preparation also affect the thickness that can be effectively welded. Proper joint design ensures that the laser energy is efficiently used for melting and fusing the material.
It’s important to note that the specific laser system’s capabilities and the operator’s skill also play crucial roles in determining the maximum thickness that can be welded effectively. For thicker materials, multiple passes or specialized techniques might be required to achieve the desired weld quality. If you have a specific application in mind, it’s recommended to consult with laser welding experts who can provide guidance based on your material and thickness requirements.